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Table 2 Participant characteristics (N = 193)

From: Understanding implementation determinants of universal school meals through an equity-driven mixed methods approach

Variable

Frequency

%

Participant Type

  

 Middle School Student

27

14.0%

 High School Student

20

10.4%

 Parent

50

25.9%

 Food Service

22

11.4%

 Teacher

48

24.9%

 Administrator

26

13.5%

Race and Ethnicity

  

 American Indian/Alaska Native

3

1.6%

 Asian

9

4.7%

 Black/African American

80

41.5%

 Hispanic/Latino

37

19.2%

 Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

0

0.0%

 Middle Eastern/North African

2

1.0%

 White

48

24.9%

 Self-identify

2

1.0%

 NA/not provided

12

6.2%

Gender

  

 Female (She/her/hers)

133

68.9%

 Male (he/him/his)

53

27.5%

 Neutral (they/them/theirs)

1

0.5%

 Other

6

3.1%

Primary Language

  

 English

162

83.9%

 Spanish

23

11.9%

 Portuguese

0

0.0%

 Chinese Mandarin

1

0.5%

 Haitian Creole

1

0.5%

 Vietnamese

1

0.5%

 Arabic

1

0.5%

 French

1

0.5%

 Russian

0

0.0%

 Bangla (Bengali)

0

0.0%

 Other Language

3

1.6%

Adult Participants (n = 136)

  

 Level of Education

  

Less than 8th grade

0

0.0%

Some high school

2

1.5%

High school diploma

34

25.0%

GED or alternate certificate

5

3.7%

Some college credit

11

8.1%

1 or more years of college

6

4.4%

Vocational/trade school

6

4.4%

Associates degree

8

5.9%

Bachelors degree

19

14.0%

Masters degree

43

31.6%

Doctoral-level degree

2

1.5%

Age

  

 17 or younger

7

5.1%

 18–20

0

0.0%

 21–29

19

14.0%

 30–39

37

27.2%

 40–49

37

27.2%

 50–59

20

14.7%

 60 or older

7

5.1%

 N/A

9

6.6%

Caregiver Participants (n = 47)

  

 Employment Status

  

Employed and working 1–39 h per week

20

43.5%

Employed and working 40 or more hours per week

13

28.3%

Not employed and looking for work

9

19.6%

Not employed and not looking for work

2

4.3%

Retired

0

0.0%

Disabled and not able to work

2

4.3%

Missing

1

2.2%

Total Household Income

  

 $0—$9,999

13

27.7%

 $10,000—$19,999

7

14.9%

 $20,000—$29,999

4

8.5%

 $30,000—$39,999

5

10.6%

 $40,000—$49,999

7

14.9%

 $50,000—$59,999

2

4.3%

 $60,000—$69,999

3

6.4%

 $70,000—$79,999

0

0.0%

 $80,000—$89,999

1

2.1%

 $90,000—$99,999

0

0.0%

 $100,000 or more

5

10.6%