Table 3 Implementation and sustainment considerations for safer smoking supplies (n = 79)
From: Implementation determinants of safer smoking supplies in U.S. syringe services programs
Total (n = 79)a | |
|---|---|
Implementation Determinants | |
Motivations for providing safer smoking supplies$ | |
Request/feedback from SSP clients | 66 (83.5%) |
Request/suggestion from a local harm reduction partner | 18 (22.8%) |
Guidance/technical assistance | 27 (34.2%) |
Funding opportunity | 20 (25.3%) |
Other specific motivationb | 19 (24.1%) |
Missing | 3 (3.8%) |
Facilitators of implementation | |
Outer context | |
New funding specifically for safer smoking supplies | 22 (27.8%) |
New funding not specific for safer smoking supplies | 27 (34.2%) |
External support (e.g., from local health department) | 15 (19.0%) |
Collaborator/partner support | 17 (21.5%) |
Inner context | |
Internal leadership support | 45 (57.0%) |
Organization made it a priority | 51 (64.6%) |
Missing | 5 (6.3%) |
Additional Safer Smoking Supply Measures | |
Duration of providing safer smoking supplies | |
Less than one year | 14 (17.7%) |
1–2 years | 32 (40.5%) |
3–5 years | 19 (24.1%) |
Greater than 5 years | 9 (11.4%) |
Safer smoking supplies provided | |
Bubble pipes/oil burners | 61 (77.2%) |
Hammer pipes | 36 (45.6%) |
Straight pipes | 63 (79.7%) |
Mouthpieces | 67 (84.8%) |
Screens/filters | 63 (79.7%) |
Foil | 50 (63.3%) |
Push sticks | 45 (57.0%) |
Lighters | 14 (17.7%) |
Matches | 5 (6.3%) |
Lip balm | 65 (82.3%) |
Alcohol swabs | 72 (91.1%) |
Safer smoking classes | 7 (8.9%) |
Educational materials on safer smoking practices | 57 (72.2%) |
Missing | 3 (3.8%) |
Provides any type of pipec | 68 (86.1%) |
Missing | 3 (3.8%) |
Number of pipes distributed (past month)d | |
Median [IQR] | 500 [910] |
Missing | 24 (30.4%) |
Sets limit on number of pipes per encounterd | |
No | 17 (21.5%) |
Yes | 49 (62.0%) |
Limit on number of pipes per encountere | |
Median [IQR] | 2 ( 1) |
Missing | 32 (40.5%) |
Asks participants to exchange used pipes for new onesd | |
No | 60 (75.9%) |
Yes | 7 (8.9%) |
Sustainment and Scale-up Considerations | |
Provides sufficient quantities of safer smoking supplies to meet community needs | |
Disagree | 39 (49.4%) |
Agree | 34 (43.0%) |
Offering safer smoking supplies are consistent with mission | |
Disagree | 4 (5.1%) |
Agree | 69 (87.3%) |
Has a mix of stable and flexible funding for safer smoking supplies | |
Disagree | 40 (50.6%) |
Agree | 30 (38.0%) |
Has sufficient funding for safer smoking supplies | |
Disagree | 46 (58.2%) |
Agree | 26 (32.9%) |
Community is invested in safer smoking supply program | |
Disagree | 30 (38.0%) |
Agree | 41 (51.9%) |
Safer smoking supplies are well-integrated into operations | |
Disagree | 11 (13.9%) |
Agree | 61 (77.2%) |
Safer smoking supply program can be evaluated appropriately | |
Disagree | 9 (11.4%) |
Agree | 60 (75.9%) |